common law and equity Essays -- essays research papers

Value is as often as possible alluded to as an enhancement to the custom-based law. Cruzon characterizes Equity as an arrangement of law created by the court of chancery in corresponding with the customary law. It was intended to supplement it, giving solutions for circumstances that were inaccessible at Law. Along these lines, Equity gave an element of adaptability and equity that was as a rule lacking as a result of the basic law’s unbending nature. This unbending nature comes from the way that, while courts in some cases adjusted their locales and methods, the basic premises and observable types of the custom-based law went to a great extent unaltered between the thirteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years. The custom-based law was viewed as a claim for all Englishmen; be that as it may, as the Crown kept on forcing new locales, numerous sculptures tried to secure the peoples’ option to fair treatment. In 1215 the Magna Carta was given which tried to secure a free man’s right to life, freedom, and property aside from by the fair treatment of the law. These resolutions intended to restrict the intensity of the crown, the very force that had presented the precedent-based law as an option in contrast to the past limited type of equity, and described a move in the customary law. However, fair treatment enactment must be summoned where the precedent-based law was viewed as lacking, and petitions were sent to the lord, looking for his beauty, when this was believed to be the situation. Bit by bit the quantity of these petitions expanded so much that they must be held for unique committees of the parliament, and as they kept on expanding, just the most critical petitions were sav ed for the parliament. The rest, basically private suits, were given to individual councilors, for example, the chancellor, chief of naval operations, or marshal. These councilors developed in significance as applicants started approach the proper individual straightforwardly. Out of the councilors’ courses of action for managing these cases, alongside their additional importance, built up a few unmistakable courts. The most significant of these was that of the chancellor as it built up its own law. The Chancery started as the regal secretariat. Initially it was where regal writs and sanctions were drawn and fixed. A great part of the chancellor’s later force originated from the way that he had care of the extraordinary seal of England, which was utilized to validate these reports. Since the writs began from thi... ...  In the nineteenth century radical changes of the legal framework assaulted the reasonable defects of the chancery. In 1813 the incomparable intensity of the chancellor was checked by the arrangement of a bad habit chancellor. Afterward, this exertion was proceeded by expanding the intensity of the Master of the Rolls, and the nullification of a large number of the workplaces in the court. By decreasing the spread of the court and by and by smoothing out business, seeks were after joining the two courts and, for the last time, taking out the competition between them. Following 500 years, be that as it may, the chancery despite everything left an awful preference for peoples’ mouths, and under Victorian enactment, the intensity of the incomparable courts was expanded to manage the law and value: the chancery and the customary law courts were abrogated, always finishing the well established debate between the two. While the chancery was nullified, value has taken on a more extensive significance and still endures today in England and the US. It is that way to deal with equity giving progressively point of reference to specific realities of a case. Value is significant in light of the fact that it gave expanding security to the individual, and spoke to a splitting ceaselessly from the medieval idea of the almighty primitive ruler.

The Fall Prevention Among High Risk Patients Research Paper

The Fall Prevention Among High Risk Patients - Research Paper Example to populace at high hazard, and one bit nearer to this objective is through this examination by bringing issues to light about this issue and propose arrangements in limiting falls, all the more explicitly for patients at high hazard. Writing Review A fall is an episode when a patient â€Å"unexpectedly stops on the ground, floor or another level† (Haines et al, 2007). Falls are a significant security worry for emergency clinics, which records to 32.3% of occurrences identified with wellbeing, and 35.3% of those rates came about to hurt and even demise (Healey et al, 2007). Medicaid has a more noteworthy use costs coming about because of falls (Shumway-Cook et al, 2009). Luckily, there are as of now an immense number of studies which were tended to for falls and fall anticipation is as of now a piece of the nursing educational plan quite a while prior. Looks into in chance ID for falls are copious particularly the examinations among the old populace. The investigation of Ruben stein (2006) arranged the hazard factors for tumbles from the most successive to the less normal; the most unmistakable hazard factor is shortcoming, trailed by balance shortfall, walk deficiency, visual shortage, constrained portability, subjective impedance, disabled working and postural hypotension. Other hazard factors distinguished by Faulkner et al (2009) are tallness, dread of falling, â€Å"fast-paced strolling speed†. Lee and Stokic (2008) researched the hazard factors for falls in quiet experiencing restoration recognized the determinations of stroke, removal and enormous co-morbidities as extra hazard factors for falls. Among the postmenopausal ladies, the dangers factors for falls were identified with age, instruction, hearing status, history of crack and hypothyroidism (Barrett-Connor et al, 2008). Regarding visual shortfall, visual field misfortune has all the earmarks of being the particular hazard... This investigation expects to lessen the frequency of falls among the populaces who are at high hazard for falls in the medical clinic setting. This examination will occur at a network emergency clinic in Maryland. This investigation is a non-test, review, enlightening contextual analysis. This plan is chosen since the paper will distinguish the hazard factors that are available in the investigation setting with no control of the factors. This examination will attempt to explore the fall rates and the hazard factors present reflectively instead of tentatively. It is a contextual analysis since it will endeavor to explore top to bottom the foundation chose by the specialist to comprehend the issues hidden the hazard factors and fall occurrences so as to concoct fall counteraction procedures in light of the dangers recognized. This investigation has a significant quality in information assortment, which doesn't require trial treatment and is accommodation for the analyst to accumulate information utilizing accessible records. Be that as it may, shortcomings of this investigation is the examining predisposition (however the accommodation test of the clinic chose), little inspecting size and poor g eneralizability of the discoveries. The investigation will utilize spellbinding factual measures using SPSS. This investigation will just distinguish the hazard factors and utilize straightforward measurable tables in assurance of the most oftentimes watched chance components and to be place on a diagram. Relationship of the factors will be surveyed utilizing the item second connection coefficient.

The Benefits of a Transfer App Essay Sample

<h1>The Benefits of a Transfer App Essay Sample</h1><p>Transfer App Essay Samples can be found in most scholastic inventories. There are several distinct sorts of uses that understudies can use for their school applications. Move App Essay Samples come in a wide range of structures, for example, papers, test study guides, tests, and considerably more. To ensure you get the best outcomes, you should discover a guide that coordinates your needs.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to having the option to move App Essay Samples, you will likewise need to discover one that permits you to direct autonomous examination on your papers. This kind of study direct is ideal for all understudies. You will have the option to realize what you have to think about composing an article without feeling overpowered. An exposition is the principal thing that is assessed by affirmations officials at each school or university.</p><p></p><p>Your artic les must talk legitimately to the subject being examined in your school application. There are a lot of sources accessible online where you can discover tips and techniques on the most proficient method to compose your articles. Most scholastic aides will permit you to move App Essay Samples and furthermore permit you to direct autonomous examination, which can help you gigantically with regards to composing an elegantly composed school application essay.</p><p></p><p>When applying for school, application expositions are everything. Without them, your odds of getting acknowledged will be extraordinarily diminished. Thinking of one of these sorts of expositions can be troublesome, yet with the correct assistance, your odds for progress will be extraordinarily increased.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to get the best App Essay Samples is to discover a guide that offers free practice articles for nothing, or ones that give you acces s to test applications. Move App Essay Samples will permit you to do this, or you can get a different guide that offers test expositions. In any case, you will have the option to rehearse what you have learned.</p><p></p><p>There are various kinds of schools and colleges that offer school affirmation. The principles of confirmation fluctuate, so you need to ensure that you are composing the exposition as per the school's guidelines. You should ensure that you meet the entirety of the standards before your application is turned in. The most ideal approach to get the article affirmed is to get it to the school in a convenient manner.</p><p></p><p>The reason that most aides offer free practice papers for nothing is on the grounds that understudies some of the time utilize these tests to rehearse for a school application or essentially to improve their abilities. The correct exposition move programming can assist you with composing your pa per. These projects can likewise assist you with showing your expositions to a PC, so you know precisely what each segment should state, and you can likewise utilize them to assist you with understanding your paper better.</p><p></p><p>The most significant thing to recall is that you have to invest the energy and the push to rehearse and gain admittance to the entirety of the free practice articles that you can. A guide that offers you the capacity to show your expositions to a PC is additionally a good thought, as it will permit you to compose all the more rapidly and to verify that you comprehend the data that you need to introduce in your school paper. With this kind of guide, you will find that you will have the option to get your papers affirmed before you even know it.</p>

Cliche College Application Essay Topics

<h1>Cliche College Application Essay Topics</h1><p>Here is a rundown of a portion of the more well known and generally utilized platitude school application article themes that will assist you with passing on your primary message to the entrance advisory board. Settle on sure that your decisions are not very adage however, in light of the fact that they can without much of a stretch be excused as one-dimensional and exhausting, so attempt to go past it.</p><p></p><p>In this article I will initially list a couple of various school application paper subjects that have been utilized for a considerable length of time. And afterward I will clarify why they are adages and how to dodge them. Ideally this article will help you as you continued looking for the correct subjects for your essay.</p><p></p><p>* The rundown of names is in no way, shape or form thorough, however on the off chance that you do an inquiry on Google, you will have the option to discover more points that will get you out. Best of all, there are a great deal of good points in like manner between them. There are stories, experiences, shows, battles and individual life, and pretty much anything that you can think about that can be utilized as a theme for an article. Simply attempt to pick a portion of these and include your very own portion individual data to make it extra special.</p><p></p><p>* You could discuss something identified with your own encounters, for example, how you moved on from secondary school or had your first sexual experience. I am certain you definitely realize how valuable this can be when rounding out a school application. Remember to incorporate your fantasy vocation in the 'why?' area. Likewise, individual encounters consistently make the peruser consider things that they could never consider in the event that they are perusing the whole story.</p><p></p><p>* Spo rts is another subject that individuals love to discuss. These days sports is generally connected with the genuine occasions, similar to b-ball or football. In case you're attempting to communicate the amount you respect the athletic accomplishments of others, this is the ideal point for you. Attempt to consolidate the game itself and what you have an inclination that you gained from it, since this will really expand the effect of your exposition. The peruser will show signs of improvement point of view of who you are through the games field of play.</p><p></p><p>* On a related note, expounding on motion pictures is additionally a typical theme among antique school application article subjects. The most widely recognized are about recorded figure, or possibly a film featuring a well known entertainer. Recall that you ought to abstain from applying each prosaism, since it will wind up sounding dry and exhausting. So consolidate a prosaism with a central matter to make it more special.</p><p></p><p>Remember that there are numerous other school application exposition points to look over. Simply examine and you will most likely discover a few subjects that can assist you with communicating in a superior way.</p>

Essay Samples For Sale - How to Get Cheap Essay Samples

<h1>Essay Samples For Sale - How to Get Cheap Essay Samples</h1><p>Applytexas article tests have never been simpler to get. I used to be anxious about purchasing on the web, since I was worried that I would not get my cash's worth. Nonetheless, it is getting simpler to discover modest Essay tests available to be purchased as the organizations who are doing this sort of business are making a ton of money.</p><p></p><p>These organizations offer this administration as a major aspect of their publicizing efforts, so the better organizations will consistently charge more, which is actually what you need. Here is the means by which you can spare yourself a ton of money.</p><p></p><p>Firstly, in the event that you go to one of the huge locales that sells these kinds of administrations, the online organization who is selling the administration ought to have the option to give you a free preliminary. What I mean by that is, in the event that you purchase a specific measure of your administration you ought to have the option to approach a specific measure of 'clients' as well.</p><p></p><p>If you purchase in mass then you may wind up paying little expenses, yet when you purchase in little bundles you can see exactly what number of individuals will really buy from you. So in the event that you are just hoping to make a couple of expels the business you are in, at that point purchasing in mass is the best approach to go.</p><p></p><p>If you do discover the organization that offers Essay tests available to be purchased who offers a free preliminary, at that point it is significant that you search around to get the best arrangement. Don't simply go with the first you run over. It is suggested that you investigate these sites cautiously, as it is conceivable that you could discover something at a rebate cost online.</p><p></p><p>Most of whe n you take care of an expense to get your articles, you won't get full outcomes, so on the off chance that you need to find out about it you can pay the charge and get all the data you need, including confirmation of work, and sentence structure check. There are times that you will require this sort of data when you present the expositions to school or school.</p><p></p><p>The next time you have to think about the Texas Essay tests available to be purchased, you will know precisely where to go. You will never again be uninformed about how they work.</p>

Banks and credit available to SMEs - Free Essay Example

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION In the process of industrialization small business plays an important and economic growth. It increases per capital income and output, makes available employments for the labour market and usually promotes successful deployment of resources which are considered vital to steering of economic development and growth. It is presumed that the lower income segments of Nigeria benefit when SMEs have better access to finances because they alleviate poverty by creating more jobs and better wages. ( Emeni and Okafor 2008). In many of the developed economies and developing economies both have come to value, realise and appreciate small businesses. Being that small business are pioneering, well-organized, resourceful and allows fast decisions process to be taken because of their relative small size. They are major players in the process of industrialization and economic development. ( Ememi and Okafor, 2008) In most up-and-coming nation of the world, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have become the vanguard of economic expansion. They create employment opportunities as the most significant employer of labour force; in addition they increase the nations per capital income and output invariably increasing the GDP by effective resource utilization. Also in large developed nations, SMEs plays a noteworthy role in influencing the economy. Taking China for example, SMEs are said to be accountable for sixty percent of the industrial output employing seventy-five percent of the workforce in the metropolitan centres. ( Anas A.Galadima, 2006). All over the world and in all country, government have come to realise the significant of this class of companies. And as such have originated all-inclusive policies to encourage, give confidence, support and promote the establishment of SMEs. Improvements in small and medium enterprise are a plus for employment generation, solid entrepreneurial base and encouragement for the use of local raw materials and technology. (Oladele, 2009). There are a lot of challenges that SMEs face in both the developed and developing countries and they are massive. One main aspect is financing, the ability to obtain and acquire loans. Most small businesses are not attractive prospects for banks. Berger et al. ( 1998) suggest that larger banks may be less predisposed than smaller banks with less complex structure, to supply credit to small businesses. Back home in Nigeria the talk is very similar with the on-going of other country. But of late the Bankers Committee intervened in 2001 with a scheme called the Small and Medium Industries Equity Investment Scheme (SMIEIS). The idea brought life and empowerment to SMEs discarding all other credit schemes which were not properly implemented. (Aina, O. 2007). Nigerian banking reform is a product of global effort and consolidation is one of its major achievement that everyone have welcomed happily. This consolidation wave has greatly enhance the average magnitude and size of banking institution generally. The mean size of the total assets of banks has increased by 439% from 2003 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2009, recording =N=2767.78 billion to =N=14,923.00 billion banks total assets figure (CBN report 2009). Prior to the introduction of banking reform, the banking sector was repulsively undersized, small, weak and frail, leading to numerous and several economic setback. Besides the benefits related to consolidation on the supply of credit to small and medium enterprises, merger and acquisition have also increase the size of banks from small less complex establishment to conglomerate multinational companies in Nigeria. These includes mobilization of domestic savings, improved allocation of resources, elimination of deep-rooted inefficiency , mobilization of foreign savings and above all enhanced accessibility of small scale funding. But in all these what is less comprehensible, is the effect that bank MA has on the supply of credit to small businesses in Nigeria.(Emeni and Okafor, 2008). Related Literature Other related studies have established some well renowned facts on the effect of consolidation on small business lending. In a recent article Berger, Allen N., R. Demsetz and P. Strahan. (1999) suggest that consolidation is only valuable and favourable to a certain extent. The consequences of consolidation could have direct and also indirect effects. The direct effect being an increases in bank size, increase in market share and enhance bank performance, the indirect effect can be a reduction in the availability of financial services to small businesses. (Berger, Allen N. R. Demsetz and P. Strahan. 1999). Other studies Vera and Onji (2010) illustrate that because most small businesses depend greatly on less complex small banking institution for their principal source of funding, consolidation of the banking industry may reduce ease of access of loans to small business in the US. Earlier researchers find that small businesses have not been unfavourably affected by bank merger and acquisition on making credit available to small business (Peek and Rosengren 1995, 1998; Berger et al. 1995). This is because these studies relied on data up to the mid-1990, while data as at 1995-1997 being the peak of consolidation were not fully employed. This has proven to be of interest to further scrutinize whether the new wave of consolidation may affect small businesses differently. In view of this importance piece of information and the imperfection of the market mechanism to mobilise and allocate financial resources to socially desirable economic activities of any nation it is worthwhile to investigate the relationship between merger and acquisition and credit availability. Based on the above background, the enthusiasm and motivation of this research is to critically scrutinize and observe if there is any relationship, or connection between bank mergers and acquisitions as a resourceful solution to lending. This study, therefore, want to investigate and find evidence that consolidation between banks of diver structure and asset base that occurred as a result of the Nigerian banking reform of 2004, could negatively affect small business lending. This is the reason why we choose to examine the effect of MA to SMEs in Nigeria. Aim and Objective Aim The main purpose of this dissertation is to examine whether bank mergers and acquisitions are a resourceful solution to lending to SMEs. As a result the main research question is: Do banks mergers and acquisitions increase or decrease credit availability to SMEs? This leads to a number of sub-questions: Does financial performance in the banking sector adversely affected small business lending after MA occurs? What other factors affects or is responsible for credit availability to SMEs from the Nigerian banks? To present key findings and recommendation based on data analysis and information collected. Research Methodology There are several research methods that could have been used in this work, such as a Questionnaire based survey through the distribution of questionnaire. Carrying out direct interviews with Small business owner and Bank managers or loan officers is also an effective means to collection of data information. Since the main purpose of this study is to examine if bank mergers and acquisitions increase or decrease credit availability to SME, we will be using accounting based financial ratio analysis. The use of financial ratio in measuring a banks performance and its effectiveness to distinguish high-performance banks from others is quite common in the literature (Abdulla, 1994a; Samad, 2004a). Data Sample Ten Nigerian commercial banks which have effectively been consolidated with other smaller banks will be considered in this study over the period of 2000-2009 based on the following reasons: First, these banks are long established locally incorporated banks in Nigeria. Secondly they have been involved in the consolidation process from small bank to mega banks, passing through the premerger phase up to the post merger phase. Thirdly the period 2000-2009 effectively covers the span before consolidation and after consolidation. The data that will be used in this study is taken from Bank Scope. The annual financial statement of the top ten commercial banks based on their asset base. All the figures are expressed in Naira (=N=) the Nigeria indigenous currency. Since one of our aims is to examine whether the amount of small business lending is affected by the new consolidation legislation passed by Nigeria government on bank reform, we will also be comparing the figures from the statutory reserve. This is mandatory for all commercial banks in Nigeria to invest 10% of their profit before tax to Small and Medium Enterprise Equity Investment Scheme. It is more likely that we will capture the total amount of small business lending that is actually supplied to small businesses within Nigeria. Dissertation Structure The dissertation is split into five chapters: Chapter one is the introduction of the dissertation topic, related studies and the motivation for the choice of the dissertation Chapter two focuses on the Nigeria banking sector, how the banking sector has developed in Nigeria over the years. Covering the history of the Nigerian banking sector divided into four periods: the budding period, the expansion period, the consolidated period and the post-consolidated period. High lighting major financial developments from liberalisation that saw the existence of 87 banks to the consolidation of banks by the Central Bank of Nigeria deadline of 2005. Chapter three is a literature review on academic literature and analytical view on merger and acquisition and its theory in banking. This chapter aims at providing a complete picture of bank mergers and acquisitions (MAs) in the theory of banking and at offering economic evaluation and strategic analyses of the process. The main characteristics of this process is how it has affected lending to small business Chapter four introduces the Small and Medium Enterprises, what they are, why they exist. This Section will review some recent literature that is particularly relevant to the effect of bank consolidation on small business lending. Chapter five discusses the empirical results, in which the main findings of the performance of the banks during the period 2002 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2009 are analysed. This last chapter, Chapter six concludes and highlights the limitations of the study and recommendations for the future research Summary We have been able to introduce the topic of the dissertation and the motivation behind why it was considered important to investigate funding of the small and medium enterprises. Small business play vital role in the process of industrialization and economic growth. It is presumed that the lower income segments of Nigeria benefit when SMEs have better access to finances because they alleviate poverty by creating more jobs and better wages. Developments in small and medium enterprise are a plus for employment generation, solid entrepreneurial base and encouragement for the use of local raw materials and technology. Governments all over the world have realised the importance of this category of companies and have formulated comprehensive public policies to encourage, support and fund the establishment of SMEs. The most worrying challenges facing SMEs in many developing countries is funding. In the next chapter we will be reviewing the Nigerian banking system. We will be looking at a brief history of the Nigerian banking system dividing its growth into four phases, and see how it has evolved from many smaller banks into fewer mega banks. We shall also be looking at the major regulators of this industry and see how they have effectively influence the actions that has lead to merger and acquisition in the banking industry. Also see how the merger and acquisition phase has influenced lending to the small business through the new monetary policies on SMEEIS and Microfinance banks to aid economic growth, which is the main aim of this dissertation.

Overview Of Research Paper Topics In Theory Of Elasticity

<h1>Overview Of Research Paper Topics In Theory Of Elasticity</h1><p>The investigation of a subject can be characterized as the endeavor to dissect and clarify how the marvel is showed in the subject. It may be the reason or the impact of another wonder or a simple portrayal of what we think about this subject as logical speculations. In both of these cases, we are attempting to investigate with regards to a thought and in the hypothesis of versatility we talk about the rate at which this thought can be modified.</p><p></p><p>In the hypothesis of flexibility, it is an express that can be portrayed as the base or the most extreme conceivable rate at which one component can be changed by another component. The term originates from a misguided judgment that the idea is identified with the possibility of unbending inflexibility, where one thing can't be modified by something else. Be that as it may, it is a complex concept.</p><p>< /p><p>In the hypothetical writing there are a wide range of approaches to build up the idea of versatility, some utilizing scientific speculations and others utilizing non-numerical hypotheses. For example, in the numerical speculations there are recipes that portray the adjustments in speed that can be affected by grinding. With this, on account of hypothetical works, the rate at which one thing can be changed can be supposed to be elastic.</p><p></p><p>However, on account of the non-inflexible piece of the subject, a particular rate can be determined and utilized for the adjustment in that piece of the subject. This is fundamentally the principle contrast between the two perspectives. The math inferred recipes can be applied to decide the rate at which a thing can be changed, though the non-math determined equations can be utilized in a similar premise to give an unpleasant thought of the ease of the subject.</p><p></p><p>As referenced prior, the nature of the subject will likewise decide the sort of the examination that ought to be finished. The individuals who need to do straightforward research should do a basic report with basic recipes. Be that as it may, the individuals who are keen on an increasingly mind boggling subject, the non-math-based recipe is expected to give a harsh thought of the ease of the subject.</p><p></p><p>By utilizing this equation, the individuals who need to do a progressively convoluted examination can follow its fundamental strides. In the first place, the conditions are utilized to ascertain the rate at which the one thing can be changed by the other thing. At that point, the measure of progress that should be given will rely upon the kind of the subject. On account of basic logical examinations, the arithmetic based recipe is normally utilized, while in increasingly complex subjects the non-math-based equation is used.</p><p></p> <p>There are numerous diagnostic papers accessible on the web, that are identified with the subjects of flexibility. One can discover a connect to the exploration paper themes in the hypothesis of flexibility that can be helpful. Be that as it may, for a superior comprehension of this point, the best choice is investigate the site of the National Research Council of the United States.</p>